A92.2

Clinical Causes: Infection with the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus Mosquito bites, especially from infected mosquitoes carrying the virus Transmission can sometimes occur through contact with contaminated blood or tissues from infected animals

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Headache Muscle pain and stiffness Fatigue and malaise In severe cases, neurological symptoms such as disorientation, seizures, or paralysis In humans, symptoms are often flu-like and may develop 2 to 5 days after exposure In horses, signs include fever, depression, anemia, and neurological signs if the infection progresses

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation of symptoms, history of exposure, and laboratory testing. Blood tests can detect antibodies to the virus or identify the virus itself through PCR tests. Neuroimaging may be used if neurological involvement is suspected. In veterinary medicine, tissue samples and blood tests confirm the presence of the virus in horses.

Treatment Protocols: There is no specific antiviral treatment for Venezuelan equine fever. Supportive care is the main approach and includes rest, fluids, and medications to reduce fever and manage symptoms. Preventing secondary infections and monitoring for neurological complications are essential. In horses, symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy are utilized, often combined with preventive vaccination where available. Vaccination programs are a critical part of disease control in endemic regions.