A92.3

Clinical Causes: Mosquito bites from infected mosquitoes, primarily Culex species. Transmission can sometimes occur through blood transfusions, organ transplants, or from mother to child during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or delivery, though these are rare. The virus is not spread through casual contact or person-to-person contact.

Key Symptoms: Fever Headache Body aches and muscle weakness Fatigue or tiredness Skin rash, often on the torso Swollen lymph nodes In severe cases, neurological symptoms such as neck stiffness, tremors, disorientation, seizures, or paralysis may develop

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests to detect specific antibodies against the West Nile virus, such as IgM and IgG antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to identify viral genetic material in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Neuroimaging studies like MRI in cases with neurological involvement, to assess for encephalitis or meningitis.

Treatment Protocols: Rest and hydration to help the body recover. Pain relievers or fever reducers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen for symptom relief. Hospitalization and supportive therapies like intravenous fluids or mechanical ventilation for severe neurological cases. Monitoring to detect and manage potential complications, especially neurological complications.