E51.12

Clinical Causes: Chronic deficiency of thiamine due to inadequate dietary intake Malabsorption syndromes impairing nutrient absorption Alcoholism, which interferes with thiamine absorption and storage Increased metabolic demands during illness or pregnancy Certain medical conditions such as dialysis or cancer that deplete thiamine levels

Key Symptoms: Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet (edema) Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, especially when lying flat Rapid or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia or arrhythmia) Fatigue and weakness Feeling of fullness or discomfort in the chest Warmth or flushing sensation In severe cases, symptoms of heart failure like fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema) Possible fainting or dizziness due to cardiovascular stress

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of wet beriberi involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. A healthcare provider will review the patient's medical history, dietary habits, and symptoms. Blood tests measure thiamine levels, and further cardiac assessments such as echocardiograms or electrocardiograms (ECGs) may be conducted to evaluate heart function. Additionally, urine tests can help assess thiamine excretion. Since symptoms overlap with other cardiovascular conditions, exclusion of alternative diagnoses is important.

Treatment Protocols: Treating wet beriberi centers around replenishing thiamine levels through supplementation, typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly in acute stages. Once stabilized, oral thiamine supplements are often continued for a period to ensure full recovery. Simultaneously, managing cardiovascular symptoms like edema and heart failure may involve medications such as diuretics or vasodilators. Addressing underlying causes like alcohol dependence or malnutrition is crucial for preventing recurrence. Early intervention greatly improves outcomes and can reverse many of the symptoms if caught promptly.