C43.7

Clinical Causes: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight or tanning beds. Having a fair or light skin complexion that is more susceptible to sun damage. History of sunburns, especially blistering burns during childhood or adolescence. Genetic predisposition, including a family history of melanoma or other skin cancers. Presence of atypical moles or numerous moles on the body. Weakened immune system, which may impair the body's ability to detect and fight abnormal cell growth. Exposure to certain chemicals or carcinogens, though this is less common.

Key Symptoms: A new or existing mole that changes in size, shape, color, or texture. Asymmetry in the shape of a pigmented lesion. Borders that are irregular, blurred, or notched. Uneven or multiple colors within the same mole, such as shades of brown, black, pink, or red. Diameter larger than 6 mm, though smaller moles can also be problematic. Itching, tenderness, or pain in a mole or pigmented area. Surface changes like bleeding, crusting, or oozing. The appearance of a dark streak or band on a nail that may be indicative of subungual melanoma.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive skin examination by a healthcare professional, focusing on the detection of atypical moles or pigmented lesions. If suspicion arises, a biopsy is performed where a small sample of the lesion is removed and examined under a microscope for cancerous cells. Additional assessments may include:

Treatment Protocols: Surgical excision to remove the tumor and some surrounding tissue to ensure complete removal. Sentinel lymph node biopsy to evaluate if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. Immunotherapy to boost the body's immune response against melanoma cells. Targeted therapy drugs that attack specific genetic mutations within the cancer cells. Radiation therapy in cases where surgery isn't feasible or to treat metastasis. Chemotherapy, though less commonly used today, may be considered for advanced stages.