C43.71

Clinical Causes: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds Having a fair skin complexion that burns easily A history of sunburns or intense sun exposure, especially during childhood Family history of melanoma or other skin cancers Presence of numerous or atypical moles Weakened immune system Previous skin cancer or certain genetic factors

Key Symptoms: A new mole or a change in an existing mole, particularly on the right lower limb or hip Asymmetrical shape, irregular borders, or uneven color in a mole A mole that is larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser) Itching, tenderness, or pain in a mole Skin that becomes swollen, red, or develops a sore that doesn’t heal Change in sensation or appearance of a lesion in the right lower limb

Diagnosis Path: The diagnostic process for malignant melanoma typically involves a combination of physical examinations, where the dermatologist carefully inspects the skin for suspicious moles or lesions. If melanoma is suspected, a biopsy is performed—either a shave, punch, or excisional biopsy—to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or PET scans may be used to assess whether the melanoma has spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. Dermoscopy, a specialized skin examination technique, can provide additional information about lesion structures and patterns.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options for malignant melanoma generally depend on the stage and location of the cancer. Common strategies include: - Surgical excision: Removing the melanoma and a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete removal. - Sentinel lymph node biopsy: To determine if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. - Immunotherapy: Using medications that stimulate the body’s immune system to attack melanoma cells, often used in advanced cases. - Targeted therapy: Employing drugs that target specific genetic mutations within melanoma cells. - Radiation therapy: Sometimes used to treat localized or metastatic melanoma. - Chemotherapy: Less commonly used but may be considered in certain advanced cases. Follow-up care typically involves regular skin examinations and imaging to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.