C43.52

Clinical Causes: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds Genetic predisposition or family history of melanoma Presence of atypical moles or numerous moles Fair skin, light hair, and eye color, which increase vulnerability Weakened immune system, which can impair the body's ability to fight abnormal cell growth Previous history of skin cancer or extensive sunburns

Key Symptoms: A new or changing mole that may appear asymmetrical, uneven in color, or have irregular borders Pigmented lesion that is darker, larger, or evolving over time Sometimes, a mole or spot may bleed, itch, or become tender The lesion may be flat or raised and can vary in color from black, brown, tan, or even pink or red Lumps or swelling in the breast area if the melanoma invades underlying tissues Unexplained skin ulcers or sores that do not heal

Diagnosis Path: Healthcare providers diagnose malignant melanoma through physical examination and skin assessment, monitoring any suspicious lesions. Diagnostic confirmation requires a biopsy, where a tissue sample is taken from the lesion for microscopic evaluation. Additional tools such as dermoscopy, imaging studies, and sentinel lymph node biopsy may be employed to determine the extent of the disease and whether it has spread beyond the skin. Staging helps guide the appropriate treatment plan and prognosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options for malignant melanoma of the skin of the breast depend on the stage and extent of the tumor. Common approaches include: - **Surgical excision:** The primary treatment involves removing the melanoma and some surrounding healthy tissue to ensure complete removal. - **Lymph node dissection:** If cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, these may be removed or sampled. - **Immunotherapy:** Medications that stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and attack melanoma cells. - **Targeted therapy:** Use of drugs targeting specific genetic mutations found in the tumor. - **Radiation therapy:** Sometimes used to treat areas where the melanoma has spread or cannot be surgically removed. - **Chemotherapy:** Less commonly used but may be considered in advanced cases. Close follow-up and skin monitoring are essential after treatment to detect any recurrence or new melanoma developing.