C43.10

Clinical Causes: Prolonged and repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning devices Having fair skin, light-colored eyes, or a history of sunburns Personal or family history of melanoma or other skin cancers Presence of atypical moles or numerous moles Immunosuppression, such as from organ transplants or certain medical conditions Age, with increased risk as one grows older

Key Symptoms: A new or changing mole or pigmented lesion on the eyelid or canthal region Lesion that is irregular in shape, color, or borders Lesion that is asymmetrical or has multiple colors (shades of brown, black, or even blue) Persistent sore or ulcer that does not heal Swelling or thickening of the eyelid In some cases, loss of eyelash or other changes in the appearance of the eyelid

Diagnosis Path: Detailed patient history, including sun exposure and skin cancer risk factors Physical examination of the eyelid and surrounding tissues Dermatological assessment using tools like dermoscopy Biopsy of the suspicious lesion to confirm the diagnosis—this involves removing a portion or entire lesion for microscopic examination Imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans may be used to evaluate for spread in more advanced cases

Treatment Protocols: Surgical excision to remove the melanoma and a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete removal Reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore eyelid function and appearance following tumor removal Lymph node dissection if there is evidence of metastasis to nearby lymph nodes Adjunct therapies such as radiation therapy to target residual cancer cells or control local disease Immunotherapy or targeted therapy in cases where the cancer has spread or is advanced Regular follow-up examinations to monitor for recurrence or new lesions