J45.21

Clinical Causes: Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold Respiratory infections like the common cold or flu Physical activity or strenuous exercise, especially in cold or dry conditions Environmental irritants such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, or strong odors Stress and emotional factors that may trigger airway constriction Exposure to cold air or sudden weather changes

Key Symptoms: Episodic wheezing, especially during flare-ups Shortness of breath that occurs suddenly and can be severe Coughing, which may be worse at night or early morning Chest tightness or a feeling of pressure in the chest Trouble sleeping due to breathing difficulties during flare-ups Signs of exacerbation such as rapid breathing and increased use of inhalers

Diagnosis Path: Medical history review, including frequency and triggers of symptoms Physical examination, focusing on lung sounds like wheezing Spirometry tests to assess airflow obstruction and lung function Peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurement to monitor breathing capacity daily Allergy testing to identify potential triggers

Treatment Protocols: Inhaled corticosteroids to reduce airway inflammation during asymptomatic periods Quick-relief (rescue) inhalers such as short-acting beta-agonists to relieve acute symptoms Regular monitoring of lung function for early detection of exacerbations Identifying and avoiding known triggers to reduce flare-ups Developing an Asthma Action Plan with healthcare provider guidance Use of long-acting bronchodilators or controllers if advised by a healthcare professional Education on proper inhaler technique and symptom management