J45.50

Clinical Causes: Genetic predisposition to asthma and airway hyperreactivity Environmental triggers such as allergens (dust mites, pollen, mold) Exposure to tobacco smoke or air pollution Respiratory infections that can worsen airway inflammation Occupational exposures to irritants or chemicals Obesity and physical inactivity can contribute to severity Certain medications or medical conditions that exacerbate asthma symptoms

Key Symptoms: Frequent episodes of shortness of breath Persistent coughing, especially at night or early morning Wheezing during breathing Chest tightness or pressure Difficulty performing physical activities due to breathing issues Use of inhalers or bronchodilators more often than usual Episodes that may worsen during cold weather or during allergies

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of severe persistent asthma typically involves a comprehensive evaluation including medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests. These tests measure airflow and help identify the severity of airway obstruction. Doctors may use spirometry to assess how much and how quickly air can be expelled from the lungs. Additional tests, such as allergy testing or chest X-rays, may be conducted to identify triggers or rule out other conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Regular use of inhaled corticosteroids to reduce airway inflammation Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for sustained bronchodilation Combination inhalers that incorporate both corticosteroids and LABAs Leukotriene receptor antagonists to block airway inflammation Biologic therapies in severe cases unresponsive to standard treatments Emergency inhalers (rescue medications) like short-acting beta-agonists for acute symptoms Avoidance of known triggers and allergens Routine monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers