P37.5

Clinical Causes: Overgrowth of *Candida* yeast naturally present on the skin and within the mother's birth canal Premature birth, which can weaken the infant's immune defenses Prolonged use of antibiotics that disrupt normal flora balance Use of invasive medical devices such as IV lines or catheters Compromised immune system due to other health conditions or factors

Key Symptoms: Redness and rash around the diaper area or other skin surfaces White patches or spots in the mouth, tongue, or throat, often resembling milk residue Irritability or fussiness in the infant Feeding difficulties or reluctance to feed Possible fever if the infection spreads internally

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis primarily involves clinical examination of the affected areas and reviewing the infant’s medical history. In certain cases, laboratory tests such as fungal cultures or microscopy may be conducted to confirm *Candida* presence. Imaging studies are rarely necessary but might be used if internal organs are suspected to be involved. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically involves antifungal medications tailored to the severity of the infection and the infant’s overall health. Common options include topical antifungal agents for skin and diaper area infections or oral antifungals for more extensive cases. Supportive care, maintaining good hygiene, and preventing skin breakdown are also important. Addressing underlying factors, such as discontinuing unnecessary antibiotics or managing immune deficiencies, can help reduce recurrence.