P37.2

Clinical Causes: Transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth, often via contaminated food or environmental sources Ingestion of contaminated foods such as unpasteurized dairy products, raw meats, and processed ready-to-eat foods by the pregnant mother, which can pass the bacteria to the fetus Exposure to environments contaminated with Listeria, including certain workplaces or community settings Rare instances of hospital-acquired infections

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills in the newborn Poor feeding or refusal to feed Lethargy or decreased activity levels Vomiting and diarrhea Irritability or seizures Respiratory difficulties such as rapid breathing or apnea Skin rashes or lesions in some cases Signs of systemic infection including irritability and temperature instability

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Blood tests are performed to detect Listeria bacteria, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis may be conducted if meningitis is suspected. Cultures from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other affected tissues help confirm the presence of Listeria. Imaging studies may also be used to evaluate complications or organ involvement. Early diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion, especially in infants showing nonspecific signs of infection.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment generally involves the administration of specific antibiotics effective against Listeria, such as ampicillin, often combined with aminoglycosides. Supportive care may include hydration, nutrition, and management of complications like seizures or respiratory issues. The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity and organs affected but often requires intensive medical supervision. Prevention strategies focus on reducing exposure during pregnancy and ensuring food safety.