T46.3

Clinical Causes: Incorrect dosage of coronary vasodilators, such as taking more than prescribed Accidental poisoning through ingestion of expired or contaminated medication Adverse reactions due to hypersensitivity or allergic response to the drug Drug interactions with other medications that amplify effects or toxicity Use of medication beyond the recommended duration or in inappropriate clinical situations Underdosing, leading to subtherapeutic effects and potential complications from inadequate treatment

Key Symptoms: Low blood pressure (hypotension) Dizziness or lightheadedness Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) Headache or flushing Nausea or vomiting Chest pain or discomfort Shortness of breath Blurred vision Confusion or altered mental state In severe cases, signs of cardiovascular collapse

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a detailed medical history review, including medication use and recent dosages, alongside a physical examination. Laboratory tests such as blood tests to identify drug levels, kidney and liver function, and blood pressure monitoring are common. In suspected poisoning cases, toxicology screening may be performed to detect the presence of the drug or related substances. Healthcare providers may also utilize ECGs to assess cardiac function in cases involving adverse cardiovascular effects.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment focuses on stabilizing the patient's vital signs and removing or neutralizing the offending agent. Immediate steps may include resting in a safe environment, administering intravenous fluids to maintain blood pressure, and using medications such as vasopressors if necessary. Activated charcoal can be considered in cases of recent ingestion to reduce absorption. In severe toxicity, specific antidotes and supportive care like oxygen therapy or advanced cardiac life support may be required. Long-term management involves reviewing medication dosages, avoiding known triggers, and close monitoring to prevent recurrence.