T46.5X

Clinical Causes: Overdose of antihypertensive medications due to accidental or intentional intake Incorrect dosing, such as taking higher or lower doses than prescribed Adverse reactions to antihypertensive drugs, which may occur even when taken correctly Drug interactions that enhance the effects or toxicity of antihypertensive agents Failure to adhere to prescribed treatment regimen, leading to underdosing Use of counterfeit or expired medications containing antihypertensive agents

Key Symptoms: Dizziness or lightheadedness Fainting or near-fainting episodes Weakness or fatigue Nausea and vomiting Blurry vision Rapid or slow heart rate Respiratory depression in severe cases Electrolyte disturbances Confusion or altered mental status

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive clinical assessment, including detailed patient history and physical examination. Blood tests are performed to measure electrolyte levels, kidney function, and drug concentrations. Urinalysis may also be used to detect drug presence. In cases of poisoning, toxicology screens help identify specific antihypertensive agents involved. Monitoring vital signs and electrocardiograms (ECGs) assist in evaluating the cardiovascular impact of adverse effects or overdose.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate discontinuation of the offending drug Supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy Use of activated charcoal if ingestion is recent to limit absorption Monitoring and correction of electrolyte imbalances Medications to reverse antihypertensive effects, like vasopressors for blood pressure support Dialysis in severe cases to remove toxins from the bloodstream Psychological support or psychiatric care if overdose is intentional Close observation in a medical facility until symptoms resolve