O14.14

Clinical Causes: Genetic predisposition or family history of pre-eclampsia First pregnancy or multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins or triplets) Pre-existing health conditions such as chronic hypertension, kidney disease, or autoimmune disorders First-time pregnancy with new partner Obesity or excessive weight gain during pregnancy Advanced maternal age (over 35) Placental abnormalities or issues with blood flow to the placenta Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of prenatal care, or stress

Key Symptoms: Severe headache and vision disturbances, such as blurred vision or light sensitivity Upper abdominal pain, especially on the right side Swelling of the face, hands, or feet that worsens Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention Nausea or vomiting Decreased urine output or abnormal kidney function Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing High blood pressure readings during prenatal visits

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood pressure readings are continuously monitored, with readings of 160/110 mm Hg or higher raising concern for severe pre-eclampsia. Urinalysis is performed to detect protein in the urine, indicating kidney involvement. Blood tests may assess liver function, platelet count, and kidney function. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, help evaluate fetal well-being and placental health. Close monitoring and repeated assessments are essential for managing the condition effectively.

Treatment Protocols: Management of severe pre-eclampsia during childbirth focuses on controlling blood pressure, preventing seizures, and ensuring the safety of both mother and baby. Treatment options include: