O14.13

Clinical Causes: Unknown precise cause, but believed to involve abnormal development of placental blood vessels Genetic factors that increase susceptibility Pre-existing health conditions such as chronic hypertension or kidney disease First pregnancies, particularly with new partners Multiple pregnancies like twins or triplets Lifestyle factors such as obesity or being over 35 years old

Key Symptoms: High blood pressure (hypertension) Severe headaches Vision changes, such as blurred vision or light sensitivity Upper abdominal pain, often on the right side Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention Swelling of face and hands Nausea or vomiting Reduced urine output or dark urine Shortness of breath

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of severe pre-eclampsia involves comprehensive clinical assessments including blood pressure measurements, urine tests to detect proteinuria, and blood tests to evaluate liver and kidney functions. Regular antenatal visits facilitate early detection of symptoms, and additional imaging or monitoring may be necessary to assess fetal health and placental well-being. The healthcare provider will use these findings to confirm the condition and determine severity.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and plan for delivery, which often is the definitive treatment. Approaches may include antihypertensive medications to control blood pressure and corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity if early delivery is anticipated. Hospitalization is common for close monitoring of both mother and fetus. In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary, especially if maternal or fetal health is at risk. Postpartum care involves continued monitoring, as symptoms can persist or worsen after birth.