I60.3

Clinical Causes: Rupture of an aneurysm (a weakened area in the blood vessel wall) in the posterior communicating artery Congenital vessel defects that predispose to aneurysm formation High blood pressure that puts stress on blood vessel walls Atherosclerosis (buildup of fats and other substances in the artery walls) Certain genetic conditions affecting blood vessels Unknown factors in some cases, where no specific cause is identified

Key Symptoms: Sudden, severe headache often described as the worst headache ever experienced Nausea and vomiting Stiff neck Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Blurred or double vision Loss of consciousness or fainting Seizures Neck stiffness and neck pain Sudden weakness or numbness in parts of the body Confusion or altered mental state

Diagnosis Path: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain are often the first step to detect bleeding. If bleeding is confirmed, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for blood components. Further imaging with cerebral angiography can identify the exact location and size of the aneurysm or bleeding source, guiding treatment options.

Treatment Protocols: Clipping the aneurysm through open surgery to prevent rebleeding Endovascular coiling, a minimally invasive procedure where coils are inserted into the aneurysm via a catheter to promote clotting Supportive care in an intensive care setting, including fluid management and monitoring for blood pressure control