I60.5

Clinical Causes: Aneurysm formation: Abnormal ballooning or bulge in the vessel wall that can rupture Arteriovenous malformations: Abnormal connections between arteries and veins that may bleed Vascular degeneration: Age-related changes weakening vessel walls Hypertension: High blood pressure exerting stress on vessel walls Infections or inflammation affecting blood vessels Genetic predispositions to vascular abnormalities Certain blood clotting disorders

Key Symptoms: Sudden and severe headache, often described as the worst headache ever experienced Neck stiffness and neck pain Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or double vision Loss of consciousness or fainting spells Seizures Signs of neurological deficit, including weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking Altered mental status or confusion

Diagnosis Path: Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the brain: Typically the first imaging test used to detect bleeding Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): Can reveal blood in cerebrospinal fluid if CT results are inconclusive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of brain structures Cerebral Angiography: An invasive procedure to visualize blood vessels and identify aneurysms or malformations Blood tests: To assess overall health and detect underlying conditions

Treatment Protocols: Emergency management: Stabilize the patient, control blood pressure, and manage airway, breathing, and circulation Neurosurgical interventions: Clipping of aneurysms to prevent rebleeding Endovascular coiling: A minimally invasive procedure to embolize the ruptured vessel Supportive care: Pain management, hydration, and monitoring for complications like vasospasm Managing intracranial pressure: Medications and interventions to reduce swelling Preventative measures: Long-term management of blood pressure and vascular health to reduce recurrence risk Rehabilitation: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy as needed for recovery