I60.9

Clinical Causes: Ruptured cerebral aneurysm (most common cause) Arteriovenous malformations Blood vessel abnormalities Certain blood disorders that increase bleeding risk High blood pressure (hypertension) Use of blood-thinning medications Family history of aneurysms or hemorrhagic stroke

Key Symptoms: Sudden and severe headache, often described as the worst headache ever experienced Nausea and vomiting Stiff neck Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Blurred or double vision Loss of consciousness or fainting Seizures Confusion or difficulty thinking clearly Weakness or numbness in parts of the body

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, neurological examination, and imaging tests. The main diagnostic tools include: - Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head: Often the first test performed, it can quickly reveal bleeding in the subarachnoid space. - Lumbar puncture: Used if the CT scan is inconclusive, to detect blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. - Cerebral angiography: An imaging procedure to visualize blood vessels and identify ruptured aneurysms or other abnormalities. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of brain structures and blood vessels.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate treatment aims to stop the bleeding, prevent rebleeding, and manage complications. Typical approaches include: - Surgical intervention: Clipping or coiling of aneurysms to prevent rebleeding. - Medications: To control blood pressure, prevent vasospasm (narrowing of blood vessels), and reduce brain swelling. - Intensive care monitoring: To observe neurological status and manage complications such as hydrocephalus or vasospasm. - Supportive care: Including pain management, hydration, and nutritional support. - Long-term rehabilitation: Post-acute care to address neurological deficits and improve quality of life.