I60.8

Clinical Causes: Rupture of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain) Head vessel abnormalities leading to rupture without external trauma Bleeding due to blood vessel weakness or degeneration Certain blood clotting disorders that increase bleeding risk Infections affecting blood vessels in the brain

Key Symptoms: Sudden, severe headache often described as the worst in the person's life Neck stiffness and pain Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Blurred or double vision Loss of consciousness or fainting Sudden weakness or numbness in parts of the body Seizures Confusion or decreased alertness

Diagnosis Path: To confirm a diagnosis of other nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, healthcare providers typically use the following methods: - **Computed Tomography (CT) scan:** An imaging test that quickly reveals bleeding in the space around the brain. - **Lumbar puncture (spinal tap):** Examining cerebrospinal fluid for signs of bleeding if the CT scan is inconclusive. - **Cerebral Angiography:** An invasive imaging technique that visualizes blood vessels to identify sources of bleeding or abnormalities like arteriovenous malformations. - **Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):** Provides detailed images of brain tissues and blood vessels. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options for nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage focus on stopping the bleeding, preventing complications, and addressing the underlying cause: - **Emergency care:** Stabilizing the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation. - **Blood pressure management:** Keeping blood pressure within a safe range to prevent further bleeding. - **Surgical interventions:** - *Clipping or coiling:* Procedures to secure ruptured blood vessels or obliterate abnormal vessels such as arteriovenous malformations. - *Drainage of blood:* To relieve pressure if needed. - **Medications:** To control symptoms, prevent vasospasm (narrowing of blood vessels), and reduce the risk of complications. - **Supportive care:** Includes rest, hydration, and monitoring for potential complications such as re-bleeding or neurological deficits. - **Rehabilitation:** Therapy services may be needed to recover function depending on the severity of the hemorrhage and associated symptoms.